UAV installed turbo is not only a simple "push back"

September 04, 2021

Shenzhou 11 "go home", the drone first involved in search and rescue missions. The first high-altitude turbocharged piston engine independently developed by China has provided a new powerful driving force for the first time that the UAV has participated in the return of the manned spacecraft to the air search and rescue. The overall technology has reached the international advanced level.

When the Shenzhou 11 manned spacecraft returned, there was a scene in the live broadcast that was different from the past. Through the "God view" on the drone, people observed the return to search and rescue process in a more comprehensive way. That's right, during the search, the drone first arrived at the search area and returned the target picture.

The reporter learned from the 31st China Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology that the first high-altitude turbocharged piston engine independently developed by the institute provided a new powerful driving force for the first time that the drone entered the manned spacecraft to return to the air search and rescue. It fills the gap of the turbocharged power system of the high-altitude long-haul UAV in China, and the overall technology has reached the international advanced level.

“Old Antiques” is still active on the aviation stage

At present, the main types of aviation power are piston engines and turbine engines.

The piston engine works by using the reciprocating motion of the piston to generate power that drives the propeller to rotate, thereby propelling the aircraft forward. The low manufacturing cost of the engine has driven the rapid development of the aviation industry. From the 1944 Wright brothers invented the world's first aircraft until the end of the Second World War, almost all aircraft used piston engines. However, due to the limitations of the engine's own principle, the flight speed of the aircraft has never been able to break through the speed of sound, and the maximum speed has never exceeded 800 kilometers.

From the latter part of the Second World War, turbine engines were born. The engine uses a high-temperature gas-fired, gas-fired turbine to make a rotary motion that either drives the propeller with the power generated by the turbine's rotation or pushes the aircraft forward with the high-speed airflow. Turbine engines have brought the aviation industry into the jet era. Most military aircraft have been replaced with piston engines from piston engines, flying at speeds several times faster.

Despite this, the piston engine as an antique has not withdrawn from the historical arena. Although the turbine engine is fast, it is a real "oil tiger." In contrast, the low fuel consumption rate provides an unparalleled advantage for piston engines, which allows it to have longer battery life. This unique skill makes the piston engine still active, and the aircraft that do not need to be too fast but need certain economy, such as navigation aircraft, still use a large number of piston engines. In recent years, with the development and application of drones, piston engines with low cost and low fuel consumption have become the main form of power for drones. Especially for long-endurance drones that perform special tasks, almost all of them are powered by piston engines. According to statistics, the turbojet-powered drones typically last for hours; while the piston-powered drones of the same amount of fuel can last for dozens of hours.

Can also be "rejuvenated" at high altitude

As the use continues to expand, the drones are flying higher and higher, and the naturally aspirated piston engines are gradually becoming incapable. People who have been driving to the plateau have experience. Not only do people have altitude sickness, but the engine is also the same. The most obvious performance is "no strength." The reason is that the air in the high-altitude area is thin, and the actual intake air volume of the engine is significantly reduced, resulting in a serious power reduction.

In order to make the piston engine "rejuvenate" at high altitude, turbochargers came into being. The principle is that the exhaust gas discharged from the piston engine drives the turbine to rotate at a high speed, and drives the compressor coaxial with the turbine to compress and increase the density of the air entering the engine, thereby increasing the actual intake air amount of the engine.

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