Precision Agriculture and GPS Agriculture Application
Precision Agriculture and GPS Agricultural Applications Liu Gang Thinking and Implementation Process of China Agricultural University Precision Agriculture Research Center; on this basis, discussed the application of 3 in precision agriculture; combined with the specific use of agricultural 805132, a set of auxiliary cadavers 3132 was developed Job application system. 1 Introduction Crossing the new century, China's agricultural development has entered a new stage of strategic adjustment of the agricultural and rural economic structure. In the past, in order to solve food and clothing, the agricultural production that mainly pursues output growth has been able to highlight the quality and efficiency on the basis of maintaining the total balance, and develop in the direction of high quality, high efficiency, high efficiency, and low pollution, and achieve high-tech achievements on a larger scale. The transformation of science and technology has made agriculture a dynamic one, especially the fine agricultural technology and the agricultural application that have been rising in recent years, and it has created new growth points for the development of the rural economy. It is of great significance to the progress of our agricultural modernization. . Combined with the application of 8 in precision agriculture technology, taking 71 he 038132 as an example, an application system to assist 038132 operation was developed. 2 Precision agriculture technology 2.1 The concept of fine agriculture Fine agriculture is the international 1 common, Zhuang Shi, 8 Shi Xin or 8.1 claw is the Chinese translation of technical terms, the domestic scientific and technological circles still adopt the difference between precision agriculture and precision farming. Translated name. It is a modern agricultural management system of Keating information and knowledge. The first is based on information, that is, it needs to use 1 tor 018 3 technology, the spatial distribution of farmland crop production information collection and production test distribution automatic generation technology and equipment. Advanced real-time collection of information on soil moisture fertility, meteorological diseases, cordyceps and ancient seedlings, etc. to obtain objective multiples. With the development of interest technology, the means of real-time acquisition of spatial information and data processing methods will continue to improve , The degree of refinement of regulation will gradually increase; later, based on knowledge, use of the information obtained, the use of scientific management decisions and technical means, including the use of technical and economic assessments of agronomic expert system equipment, etc. Identify the integrated processing system. Statistical analysis, progress and make scientific management prescriptions. 2.2 Precision agricultural technology ideas Obtain the actual spatial and temporal difference information of crop yields and environmental factors affecting crop growth in farmland plots such as soil structure, topography, plant nutrition, water content, diseases, pests and weeds, analyze the reasons that affect the small 5 yield differences, and adopt technologies Feasible and economically effective farming. Its main goal is to make better use of the potential of cultivated land resources, scientifically use inputs, increase production, reduce production costs, reduce the environmental consequences of agricultural activities, and achieve sustainable development of crop production systems. Fine agricultural technology ideas such as Pavilion 1. 2.3 The emergence of fine agriculture background Early research and practice of fine agriculture technology, agronomists engaged in crop cultivation soil fertility crop diseases, insects and weeds management in developed countries began in the early years in the development of crop fertilization and plant protection experts System application research 15 The obvious spatial and temporal differences in crop yields and growth environment conditions in farmland in progress in practice have been revealed, which has been proposed to develop crop cultivation management based on the need for variable input development; in the field of agricultural engineering, since the 1970s In the mid-term, the rapid development of microelectronics technology has promoted the mechatronics intelligent monitoring technology of agricultural machinery and equipment, and the development of farmland information and intelligent collection and processing technology. In the 1980s, developed countries must take into account agricultural productivity resources in agricultural management. Environmental concerns and the urgent need to effectively use agricultural investment costs to increase agricultural profits, improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in the market, and reduce the environment. It has prepared the conditions for the formation of a fine agricultural technology system. After the Gulf War, 5 technologies have acquired the necessary prerequisites. In the past 20 years, information technology-based crop science, agronomy, soil science, conservation science, resources, environmental science and intelligent agricultural equipment Question information acquisition technology system optimization decision support technology, etc., assembled and integrated with the support of 513 spatial information technology. A new fine farming technology system has been formed and improved and the experiment practice has been developed. So far, the basic technical means to support the application of precision agriculture have been gradually researched and developed. In the application of the model, the best prospects for development are expected. After the 5-system system, the fine agriculture system 1 has improved the management effectiveness of decision-making materials and improved the battlefield school! . Field historical data 2.4 The process of implementing precision agriculture technology The combined harvester with positioning system and yield sensor automatically collects field positioning and community average output data every second and processes it through a computer to generate a space for crop yield distribution according to parameters such as field topography, landform, soil fertility and moisture Data distribution, database supporting crop management and crop growth simulation modeling. Input output simulation model, crop management expert knowledge base, etc. establish crop management auxiliary decision support system, and generate crop management prescriptions with the participation of decision makers. Use different methods and means according to prescriptions or corresponding prescription agricultural machinery to implement goals according to the breeze Investment and fine farming management.ç½” 2 is the United Kingdom, still, the company provides 2.5 precision agriculture support technology differential positioning system 001 precision agriculture data collection agricultural machinery operations are dependent on accurate location information. The difference only includes 3 base stations and several 15 mobile receivers. Data collection such as seven soil fertility moisture pests and weeds and crop growth, etc., under the guidance of 3 mobile receivers, through the reference station to obtain differential correction signals, so that the receiver can provide meters or decimeter-level accurate positioning data The data collected is the same as that of the computer. Intelligent agricultural machinery equipment is equipped with antennas and receivers, which can automatically generate the position data of agricultural machinery in the farmland every second. The sowing machine fertilizing machine spraying machine irrigation machine can complete the operation according to the positioning prescription according to the positioning data. Geographic Information System The geographic information system is a storage space analysis of all the spatial data collected in the field, in the farmland crop growth decision support system database database soil database crop growth database ecological environment database image database crop and yield spatial analysis soil nutrient moisture spatial analysis crop Spatial analysis of growing diseases, insects and weeds, spatial analysis of crop needs, spatial analysis of ecological environment, etc. Remote Sensing Technology Remote sensing is an important means of data acquisition. It uses high-resolution remote sensing information to obtain the spatial reflectance variability of soil and crop characteristics in farm plots to provide the information needed for precision agriculture to implement prescription farming. The main content includes the monitoring of crop growth and its background; multi-spectral monitoring of crop canopy; determination of chlorophyll content; application of various remote sensing information to analyze the relationship between chlorophyll density and dry matter accumulation; the use of multi-spectral remote sensing doubly infrared bands, Theories and methods for monitoring soil moisture under crop growth conditions. Crop management decision support system Crop management decision support system is the core of precision agriculture. The system includes a database model library and a knowledge base. It interacts with users through the system interface to complete the functions of scientific information calculation and decision consultation of information services. The overall system is integrated to generate field operation prescriptions in order to control pesticide machinery to implement control and investment. Field information collection system Field information data collection is the basic work and the first priority for the implementation of precision agriculture. It is the basis of farmland. Precision agricultural technology is actually an agricultural management system based on knowledge and information. It uses sensors and monitoring technology to facilitate accurate, timely and complete acquisition of the necessary local information at that time, and then according to the role of each factor in controlling crop growth or mutual relations. Make appropriate management decisions quickly. And then control the relevant information such as crop climate information, total yield information, soil characteristics information, seedling conditions, diseases, insects and weeds, farmland boundaries and location information. As agricultural machinery and equipment supporting fine agricultural technology, in addition to the combine harvester with belt, positioning system and yield measurement, the agricultural machinery that operates according to prescription also has a positioning system and prescription reader equipment to control the depth and volume of the broadcast Grain precision seeding machine; fertilizing machine to control the amount of fertilizer applied; spraying machine to control the dosage; sprinkler irrigation machine to control the amount of water spray, etc. System integration is one of the key technologies for the implementation of the precision agricultural technology system. It refers to the coordinated synthesis and overall optimization between the various components of the system. It is the total integration of hardware system and software system. The system integration is divided into two steps, the first is to realize, 1303 feet 55 integration, to generate a decision prescription; the second is, 3 and intelligent mechanical system integration, implementation of positioning variable operations; and finally the total integration of the above, to achieve precision agricultural technology system Fan work. The application of 303 in precision agriculture, 3 positioning technology provides the necessary positioning information collection and matching with intelligent agricultural machinery to support precision agriculture 1 and agricultural 15 and 15 products. Such products usually have 12 selectable satellite signal receiving dynamic conditions, which can automatically provide three-dimensional positioning data per second. The dynamic positioning accuracy can reach decimeter and meter level, and it has intelligent monitoring with computers and agricultural machinery. The installation enterprises have successively produced harvesters with 3 positioning systems and yield sensors, and successfully applied 3 to the corresponding entire fine agricultural system, such as the 8, 6, 6 and 6 male Shen Shen of 3. only companies in the United States. 131 British 355,710 company. This 81. Here is an example of a simple and practical variable fertilization system 3 Fanding 1 developed and produced by 8 agrochemical equipment companies in Minnesota, USA, 3, introducing 0 application in precision agriculture. 50 on 0 is composed of a main part. The alfalfa first collects soil samples using a soil collector with a guide of 3, and the analysis results of the soil samples are combined with 15 to generate various soil information distributions; secondly, a computer software system called 5; 18 is used to integrate other information such as production Anvil information Miaoqing 0 interest etc. Generate a more reasonable prescription cabinet for fertilizer and pesticide application; Ranci, use a belt of 1. Puller. Installed on agricultural machinery, the control variable is implemented at the end, and the 0 controller is implemented at the same time. Record recommended prescriptions in practice. , The implementation data of the operation, as the application data distribution guide the future for 4 agricultural 83132 application system development, the US company's navigation type 1 803132 receiver for precision agriculture, with 12 satellite receiving channels, can receive 1 beacon station The differential correction letter forwarded by Weicheng Cheng can also be used to establish an independent differential, 3 system, which can provide decimeter-level positioning accuracy and 16 km / h speed measurement accuracy. It has the functions of agricultural machinery field navigation fixed-point sampling backpack-type patrol field positioning information collection and measurement, and is equipped with a portable special handheld computer 8, 170., 1 Torr 170 can be said to be a portable precision agriculture management system, which is used for positioning data transmission And save farmland information collection and distribution generation and farmland operation guidance, etc. Not developed, and the main function of 3132 is only to provide geodetic coordinate positioning data per second, no data output and storage and coordinate conversion functions, etc. = so it is used on the 98 platform, and the application system is developed and installed in the notebook computer. , That can be replaced. 3170, and some additional functions are added. 3 The main functions of the application system include the transformation of 132 and computer surface coordinates; the conversion of data format; the distance and area measurement; the fixed-point guided sampling application system interface 4. It should be concluded that precision agricultural technology has been tested and used in Western countries such as the United States, Britain and Canada. But it has only just begun in China, and the specific application of Dan 03 in precision agriculture has not been reported yet. 5 The accompanying software system is relatively expensive. For example, the 5170 is priced at about 8,000 US dollars, accounting for a fraction of the price of the entire positioning system. There are even some functions that are not easy to use in our country. Our center has developed mature application software, which has been verified in the location-guided collection of soil samples on March 29th this year and the seedling monitoring farmland test on April 25th, indicating that the application system has good practicability. However, the functions of data management such as 013 after collecting positioning data and attribute data still need to be developed. Kwong Pang Sheng, etc. Fundamentals of Precision Agriculture Beijing China Agricultural University Press, 1999.9 Wang Maohua. Development of fine agriculture and innovation of engineering technology. 1 Liu Gang. Decision analysis of the technical composition of precision agriculture and its application in China. Agriculture, modernization research. 2000.21l57, SO
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