Interpretation of UHDTV Era 4K and HEVC/H.265 10bit
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4K TV products are also on the market more and more, consumers need to purchase more professional knowledge to identify the specifications of 4K TV products, because with the decline in 4K costs, all kinds of pseudo 4K products are also on the market More, then the author will take you to understand what is the future of UHDTV and UHDTV.
Let us first understand what UHDTV is, and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) formalized Ultra High Definition Television (UHDTV) as a standard on August 23, 2012, ITU-R BT.2020. The 4K and 8K timing formats are defined. At the same time, the UHDTV's color gamut is specified to be wider than HDTV in view of the human eye's best visual experience for UHDTV Ultra HD, reaching 75.8% of the CIE1931 color gamut. Specific reference to the following figure. 
The gamut range of the black triangle is required by the UHDTV specification, and the yellow triangle is required by the current HDTV specification. It can be clearly seen that the UHDTV can see a much larger color gamut than the HDTV, giving the human visual color Feeling more realistic.
In the UHDTV ultra-high definition television standard, there is no 8-digit quantization standard for sofa butlers, and at least 10 bits or even 12 bits have become the basic requirements. Under the big screen, the details of the screen are displayed more vividly, and it is particularly important to ensure that the colors and grayscale are fluid and natural. This is also the basic guarantee for high-quality images. 
The ITU-R BT2020 standard specifically developed for the Ultra HD standard greatly expands the color information of the color gamut. With the increase in camera performance, and new imaging devices such as monitors and TVs that transition from transistors to gamuts, such as 10-bit LED-backlit LCD and OLED technologies, they can capture and exhibit a wider color range.
Secondly, in the industrial chain, coding technology is the most important part. At present, the HEVC/H.265 codec technology is in the stage of large-scale commercial use. HEVC/H.265, the full name is High Efficiency Video coding. Compared with the previous generation H.264, the average capacity can be reduced by 50% under the same picture quality. This allows devices in the Internet to spread 4K pictures. 
HEVC/H.265 has defined three profiles, main profile, main 10 profile and main still picture, where main profile only defines 8 bit depth, and main 10 profile defines 10 bit depth, based on UHDTV standard requirements, 4K When the video is encoded with HEVC, the main 10 profile 10 bit standard should be adopted in order to achieve the gamut of BT.2020 requirements.
In fact, many high-definition coding companies have already adopted HEVC 10bit to compress multimedia sources in large numbers. Professional coding experts have done research and found that 10bit suppression is mainly achieved by improving the prediction accuracy of coding so that most of the lossy compression can be used. The high quantification value, while still ensuring a very good quality, allows a better picture to be reproduced at a lower code rate than 8-bit compression. Professional comparison data can refer to the following figure:
In the figure, the vertical axis is 1/(1-SSIM), and SSIM (Structural Similarity) is an algorithm for measuring the similarity between two pictures (in this case, the comparison of encoded video and source video), and the horizontal axis is bitrate. From the figure, we can see that CRF = 20 (CRF: constant rate factor), bitrate is basically the same, 10bit suppression is better than 8bit suppression, and in the same picture quality, 10bit suppression bitrate to Obviously less than 8bit suppression, 10bit suppression advantage is quite obvious, is the consensus of the industry.
In addition, the Blu-ray camp officially announced its participation in the UHDTV industry chain. The new 4K Blu-ray standard is currently under development. The latest news at the IFA in Berlin in 2014 was revealed by Mr. Victor Matsuda, Chairman of the Blu-ray Disc Association Global Promotion Committee. The association expects that the 4K Blu-ray standard will be finalized in the first half of 2015 and is expected to be commercially available before the end of 2015. This means that 4K Blu-ray discs and corresponding Blu-ray players can be purchased in stores before Christmas 2015.
Specific 4K Blu-ray standard will support 4K2k@60Hz (38402160P@60Hz), support high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (BT.2020), use HEVC/H.265 standard encoding and require main10 profile support, and new standard The capacity of Blu-ray Disc will increase from the original BD50 to 66GB or 100GB. Future HD fans will enjoy a lot of HEVC/H.265 10bit movie sources.
In addition, the European DVB organization also introduced the H.265/HEVC main10 profile standard into the broadcasting and TV transmission field. On October 30, 2014, the DVB organization released its 36th issue of DVB scene news, briefly introducing DVB to HEVC/H. The 265 standard introduced the latest developments in the field of broadcast transmission and put forward the goals to be achieved in the next step.
Specifically, DVB's recently completed TS 101 154 V2.1.1 standard defines Full HD (1080P) TV, Ultra HD UHD-1 phase1 (DVB Phase 1 Ultra High Definition (2160P) TV Specification) TV HEVC/H.265 Coding mainly includes:
• 1080P Full HDTV, 8bit Quantization, Frame Rate 50Hz
• 1080P Full HDTV, 8bit Quantization, Frame Rate 60Hz
• 1080P Full HDTV, 8bit or 10bit Quantization, Frame Rate 50Hz
• 1080P full HDTV, 8bit or 10bit quantization, frame rate 60Hz
• 2160P Ultra HDTV UHD-1 phase1, 8bit or 10bit quantization encoding, frame rate 50Hz or 60Hz
DVB is working on further research and industrialization in order to launch commercial services for UHD-1 phase2 (DVB Phase 2 Ultra HDTV specification) from 2017 to 2018.
Judging from UHDTV's multiple industrial developments, the 4K generation is approaching, but consumers must confirm whether the TV screen is a 10bit 4K screen when buying a 4K TV, and confirm whether the TV's main chip supports HEVC/H.265 10 bit decoding. , At the same time confirm whether the entire processing channel is 10bit image processing.
It can be foreseen that most of the current and future HEVC/H.265 chip sources are suppressed by 10 bits. For TVs that do not support the HEVC/H265 main 10 profile, compatibility of HEVC will have major problems.
Currently mainstream smart TV chips on the market are more expensive than HEVC/H.265 main profile due to HEVC/H.265 main10 profile cost, only some chips support HEVC/H265 main 10 profile hard decoding, not all support HEVC/H.265 The platform supports 10bit hard solutions. Consumers must pay special attention to the purchase. The best way is to take a 10bit source to try out.
